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Day and night
The earth is spherical, so only half of the earth’s surface receives sunlight. Daytime is when the earth is exposed to sunlight, and night when it is not. On Earth, day and night are at the same time. This is evidence that the earth is not flat but round.
Seasons, white night, polar night
The Earth’s axis of rotation is at an angle of about 23.5˚ to the axis of revolution. Because of this tilt, changes in season occur.
Because the axis of rotation is tilted relative to the axis of revolution, parts of the North and South Poles have day or night throughout the day.
A ‘white night’ is a phenomenon in which the sky is bright because the sun is up even though it is night.
Conversely, a ‘polar night’ is a phenomenon in which the sky is dark because there is no sun even during the day.