Mercury Barometers on Different Planets
What would happen if you brought a mercury barometer to Earth, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, and Mars? Here, we assume that the mercury barometer has a U-shaped tube: one side is open, and the other side … more
Chemistry Simulation
Density distribution in the atmosphere
Observe how the density distribution of the atmosphere changes as gravity (gravitational acceleration) is varied. The total kinetic energy of the air particles is assumed to be constant. Gravity is assumed to act uniformly, and no … more
4-stroke engine
Heat engine A heat engine is a machine that operates by moving energy from a hot space to a cold space. In this process, the heat engine converts some of the heat energy into mechanical energy. … more
Torricelli’s Experiment
Torricelli’s Experiment The first person to measure the magnitude of air pressure is Italian scientist Torricelli. He was filled with mercury (Hg) in a glass tube with one end blocked. And he stood upside down in … more
Boyle’s J Tube experiment
Boyle’s J-tube experiment Boyle’s J-tube experiment is an experiment that Boyle did to prove his law. Boyle experimented with pouring mercury into a J-shaped glass tube with one side blocked. At first, the heights of mercury … more
Pressure, buoyancy, and gravity applied to a balloon
Assume the pressure inside and outside the balloon is equal at 1 atmosphere. For ease of calculation, the volume and mass of the balloon and string are assumed to be zero. Pressure on a Balloon In … more
Drinks in a straw aren’t pulled, they’re pushed.
Drinks in a straw aren’t pulled, they’re pushed. When we say ‘straw,’ most people picture liquid being sucked upward. But scientifically, that’s not what happens. The liquid doesn’t rise because of suction; it rises because the … more
Pressure and Pressing Area
Pressure is defined as the force applied per unit area. When the same force is applied to two different surfaces, the pressure depends on the size of the area: the larger the area, the smaller the … more
Heat conduction (a good thing about wooden pot handles)
Conduction The ‘conduction’ of heat is how heat is transferred by moving particles that make up an object to neighboring particles. Heat can be transferred even if the particles do not move, mainly by vibration or … more
Convection in the room: air conditioners and stoves
Convection in the room There are three ways to transfer the heat: conduction, convection, and radiation. Convection is the method by which heat is transferred by the direct movement of particles that make up a liquid … more
Diffusion of ink in cold and hot water
Particle movement according to temperature The matter around us is made up of tiny particles constantly moving. The particles move more actively as the temperature increases. Water particles move more actively in hot water than cold … more